Police and City Preventive Patrol free essay sample

This analysis began in October 1972 and proceeded all through 1973. This was controlled by the Kansas City Police Department and assessed by the Police Foundation. Watches were changed inside 15 police beats. Routine watch was killed in five beats, named â€Å"reactive† beats. Typical routine watch was kept up in five â€Å"control† beats. Watch was then expanded by multiple times in five â€Å"proactive† beats. Questions This trial posed the accompanying inquiries: Would residents notice any adjustments in the degree of police watch? Would various degrees of noticeable watch influence the quantity of wrongdoings recorded or the results of casualty overviews? Would resident dread of wrongdoing and chaperon conduct change because of contrasting watch levels? To wrap things up, would their level of fulfillment with police change? Significant Findings The discoveries for this investigation were somewhat fascinating. Residents didn't see the distinction when the degree of watch was changed. The most interesting measurement was that the expanded or diminished degrees of watch had no noteworthy impact on occupant and business robberies, auto burglaries and different wrongdoings that are viewed as forestalled by arbitrary, noticeable police watch. We will compose a custom paper test on Police and City Preventive Patrol or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Additionally, the rate at which violations were accounted for to the police didn't change in any significant manner over the trial beats. The dread of wrongdoing was not influenced, nor was resident fulfillment with police. Suggestion These discoveries propose that standard preventive watch in squad cars has next to no an incentive in forestalling wrongdoing, just as causing residents to feel safe. The general ramifications from this investigation is that assets initially used to preventive watch could be utilized to enable other wrongdoing to control systems. S. A. R. A. Model What is the S. A. R. A Model? Filtering, Analysis, Response, Assessment is a critical thinking model as often as possible utilized by law implementation. The critical thinking approach is a systematic procedure for decreasing the effect of wrongdoing and turmoil issues in a network. This critical thinking method can be applied to every unique sort of issues. Examining The fundamental thought behind examining is to distinguish the issue. The primary inquiries related with the checking segment are as per the following: Describe the issue, with points of interest. How did the issue prepare for action? Who is influenced by this issue? How would you know there is an issue? In view of what is known, make a theory. What do you believe is causing the issue? Investigation The examination parcel manages learning the problem’s causes, extension, and impacts. Information and data is gathered to comprehend the variables that add to the issue. This data is evaluated to distinguish patterns or examples including episodes, areas, and people. Reaction In this stage there are two essential goals. One is to choose a reaction, and the second is to actualize the reaction. The way to Response stage is to advance an imaginative and unconstrained free progression of thoughts. This ought to be focused on tackling the issue at its most powerless point. Appraisal In the last stage, they assess the viability of the reaction that was executed. In making the appraisal, current outcomes are contrasted with the previous issue. End The S. A. R. A. model is generally material to issues looked by numerous areas and has delivered incredible outcomes for several networks over the United States. It builds up a synergistic, methodical procedure to address issues of network, security, and personal satisfaction. Network Oriented Policing What right? Network policing is a way of thinking that advances authoritative systems, which bolster the utilization of organizations and critical thinking procedures, to effectively address the quick conditions that offer ascent to open wellbeing issues, for example, wrongdoing, social issue, and dread of wrongdoing. Network policing is involved three sections: these are, network associations, hierarchical change and critical thinking. Network Partnerships This is included associations between law requirement and others and associations that serve to make arrangements and increment network trust with law implementation. Hierarchical Transformation This is the making of authoritative administration, faculty, and structure that underpins network organizations and helps in proactive critical thinking. Critical thinking This part centers n connecting proactively to distinguish the issue and to immediately think of approaches to reaction to the particular issue. My Personal Preference The policing model that I feel works the best is the S. A. R. A model. One reason why I picked this model over the others is on the grounds that this model investigates the difficult that is within reach. A portion of different models fundamental center is to stop wrongdoing during the demonstration, which is extraordinary, however so as to have a more secure network is to fix the issue of wrongdoing at its’ roots.

Berry College - SAT Scores, Costs and Admissions Data

Berry College - SAT Scores, Costs and Admissions Data Berry College has an acknowledgment pace of 62 percent. Candidates can browse the Common Application or Berrys own online application. There is no application charge. All candidates must submit SAT scores or ACT scores and a secondary school transcript. A paper and letters of suggestion are discretionary. Will You Get In? Compute Your Chances of Getting Inâ with this free device from Cappex Confirmations Data (2017) Berry College Acceptance Rate: 62 percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Berry AdmissionsTest Scores 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 570/660SAT Math: 550/640What these SAT numbers meanTop Georgia school SAT comparisonACT Composite: 24/29ACT English: 24/30ACT Math: 22â /27What these ACT numbers meanTop Georgia school ACT correlation Berry College Description Established in 1902, Berry College is a privateâ liberal expressions collegeâ located in Rome, Georgia, barely an hour from Atlanta. Berry has the differentiation of having the biggest adjoining grounds on the planet. At 26,000 sections of land, the Berry grounds incorporates fields, forests, and a whole mountain. Understudies will discover loads of alternatives for open air exercises, for example, biking, climbing and horseback riding. For a little school, Berry offers a wide scope of scholarly projects through its four schools incorporating double degree programs in Engineering with Georgia Techâ and Nursing with Emory University. Berry has an enormous blessing which has permitted it to extend offices as of late and offer all understudies award help. The school has a 12 to 1â student personnel proportion, a brilliant work experience program that is available to all understudies, and a solid national notoriety. In general, Berry College speaks to an amazing instructive worth . Pony darlings should take note of that Berry made our rundown ofâ top equestrian schools. Enlistment (2017) Absolute Enrollment: 2,110â (1,978 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 39 percent male/61 percent female98 percent full-time Costs (2017 - 18) Educational cost and Fees: $35,176Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,260Other Expenses: $2,196Total Cost: $50,632 Berry College Financial Aid (2016-17) Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 100 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 54 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $21,883Loans: $7,700 Scholastic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Animal Science, Biology, Communication, Early Childhood Education, Psychology, Business AdministrationWhat major is directly for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 78 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 57 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 64 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Swimming, Tennis, Basketball, Baseball, Golf, Lacrosse, Track and Field, SoccerWomens Sports: Soccer, Equestrian, Track and Field, Volleyball, Swimming, Tennis, Soccer, Lacrosse, Golf Berry and the Common Application Berry College utilizes the Common Application. These articles can help control you: Basic Application paper tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental article tips and tests Information Source: National Center for Education Statistics

Understanding the Fear of Butterflies and Moths

Understanding the Fear of Butterflies and Moths Phobias Types Print Understanding the Fear of Butterflies and Moths By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2019 Wilson Wu/EyeEm/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of butterflies and moths is called lepidopterophobia. Mottephobia, or the fear of moths alone, is closely related to this phobia. Those who suffer generally call themselves mottephobes. Lepidopterophobia is derived from the word lepidopterans, the over 155,000 species of insects including butterflies, moths, and skippers. It may be hard to pronounce, but its not hard to find. While fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, is the most common insect fear people encounter, fear of butterflies and moths is also a fairly common phobia. While many people see butterflies as cute and harmless creatures, some people are afraid of how they look and skittish by their behaviors. Even actress Nicole Kidman claims to have this fear and shows such as Animal Planets My Extreme Animal Phobia chronicles peoples experiences which can result in debilitating fear and anxiety that affects their social and personal life. Where Does the Fear of Butterflies Come From? Many people develop phobias from single or repeated events where they were in an environment that was unfamiliar or startled by an unpredictable or uncontrolled interaction with butterflies or moths  or these animals were present during the uncomfortable or unfortunate event. For example, one woman shared a butterfly flew through her window and landed on her chest when she was 8 years old and the unexpected event was a trigger to her phobia. Others associate butterfly and moth behavior with being attacked or overcome by insects so that the fear is less about being hurt, but more so by being unable to control or escape the environment. Fluttering Many people with a butterfly or moth phobia report that they are afraid of the creatures constant fluttering. Some fear the sensation of a fluttering butterfly flying in their faces or brushing against their arms, while others are uncomfortable with how they look when traveling through the air. The lack of predictability of movement is associated with the fear in that people do not know whether the butterfly or moth will land on them or where on their body they will touch. Flying Some people claim to be afraid of not only butterflies and moths but birds as well. They may fear the flying behavior or worry that a flying creature will land on them. Some are afraid only of smaller birds that rapidly flap their wings, such as hummingbirds, but are unafraid of larger birds that flap more slowly. It all comes down to their perception of the threat of surprise and the lack of control they have over their environment. Swarming Both butterflies and moths are social creatures, and they often travel in groups. Some people who fear them are less afraid of a single butterfly or moth than they are of a large group. Swarming, in which many butterflies or moths fly in close formation, may be a particular trigger. People whose fear is specifically of swarming are often afraid even when the insects are at rest, as they often rest in groups. How to Overcome a Fear of Butterflies No matter what the origin, there are proven ways to help people with lepidopterophobia and they involve facing their fear. Research into one method, called MEE, or mere exposure effect, has shown that exposure to the object of your fear in a controlled and intentional environment is a good way to help neutralize the phobia.?? While the fear may never go away completely, deliberately interacting with or exposing yourself to butterflies, for example at a zoo where there are butterfly and moth exhibits, or going to a garden, may be a good way to face your fear. A sense of lack of control may be a contributor to the anxiety that results from the phobia and by intentionally interacting with them, you assume greater control and this may alleviate some of your fear. Some people join butterfly conservation projects, others try immersion therapy, and others find solace in creating art with their feared subjects. Whatever you try, never allow your phobia to keep you from socializing or enjoying time with friends and family. If you find your phobia is leading to this, get the help you need and enlist your community of support to come along for the ride.   10 Most Common Phobias

Spontaneous Observer of Nature - 2622 Words

â€Å"A child who,more than anything else, is a spontaneous observer of nature, certainly needs to have at his disposal material upon which he can work.† As our lives become more technologically advanced and driven many children have very little access to a natural habitat in their neighbourhood environment.Young children develop their sensory,cognitive,gross and motor skills while in relationship to the natural world.The function of the school is to supply children with interesting information and motives for action. A child,who more than anyone else is a spontaneous observer of nature,certainly needs to have at his/or her disposal,materials upon which he/or she can work†-Dr.Maria Montessori. Childern in bed to explore the environment†¦show more content†¦Many of the puzzles and educational devices in use at the pre-school and elementary levels in the early twenty-first century are direct copies of Montessori s original ideas. However, there is far more of her work that never entered the mainstream, and twenty-first-century educators who are searching for new, more effective answers are finding the accumulated experience of the Montessori community to be of great interest. The chief components of the Montessori method are self-motivation and autoeducation. Followers of the Montessori method believe that a child will learn naturally if put in an environment containing the proper materials. These materials, consisting of learning games suited to a child s abilities and interests, are set up by a teacher-observer who intervenes only when individual help is needed. In this way, Montessori educators try to reverse the traditional system of an active teacher instructing a passive class. The typical classroom in a Montessori school consists of readily available games and toys, household utensils, plants and animals that are cared for by the children, and child-sized furniture-the invention of which is generally attributed to Dr. Montessori. Montessori educators also stress physical exercise, in accordance with their belief that motor abilities should be developed along with sensory and intellectual capacities. The major outlines of the Montessori system are b ased on Dr. Montessori s writings, whichShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Questions On The School873 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed. The qualitative interview can occur in a conversational manner which is a spontaneous and structured way of completing a survey. The interviewer discusses the topic of interests and leads the participant in a discussion that provides the data needed. The school incorporates observations as a means of collecting data as well. Observation is a method of getting information about people. The observer gains information about what the people being observed are thinking. It is a known factRead MoreAnalysis Of Nurses Verbal Support Of Nulliparous Women During Second Stage Labor 2178 Words   |  9 PagesLabor† Title The title of this article was succinct and specific, including the phenomenon under study (verbal support in second-stage labor) and the population (nulliparous women). Although the title seems to imply that the study is qualitative in nature, it does not overtly state this, and for some readers, it may be helpful to point that out. Also, the term â€Å"nulliparous† is not a word used often in the general vocabulary of everyday people, and warrants the use of a dictionary for most people toRead MoreHow The School Collects Data Measure Overall Organizational Performance883 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed. The qualitative interview can occur in a conversational manner which is a spontaneous and structured way of completing a survey. The interviewer discusses the topic of interests and leads the participant in a discussion that provides the data needed. The school incorporates observations as a means of collecting data as well. Observation is a method of getting informatio n about people. The observer gains information about what the people being observed are thinking. It is a known factRead MoreHow Play Affects The Childs Five Areas Of Development982 Words   |  4 PagesThere are a lot of activities you can use to promote learning. Some are playing with toys, reading stories, puzzles, and playing dress up or house. Our society has become increasingly complex, competitive and fast paced. As a result, children’s spontaneous play is being replaced with structured activities. Unfortunately, structured, adult directed activities such as worksheets and drill are not likely to help a child make the most of their childhood. This approach to education will not give childrenRead More Monet Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesfifteen he was receiving commission from his works. He later grew to become one of the greatest influential impressionist painters of all times. Monet was the leader of the impressionist movement. He influenced art by trying to paint his personal spontaneous response to outdoor scenes or events. Earlier artists had also painted outdoor studies rapidly, almost in shorthand. They used such studies as â€Å"notes† for more elaborate pictures painted in the studio. Monet was the most important of the artistsRead MoreA Comparative Study on the Theme of East-West Encounter in Kamala Markandaya’s Possession and Anita Desai’s Bye-Bye Blackbird1589 Words   |  7 Pagesboldly depicted by her in her novels without any exaggeration. She hightights the drawbacks and the qualities of both the East and the West. She has tried to present the East in serious conflict with the West. But she plays the role of a neutral observer in her novels. In her novel possession, she presents the perpetual conflict between the Indian spiritualism and the western materialism. Caroline, a young British widow, comes to visit India. She meets a fourteen year old boy, valmiki. He is aRead MoreHrpyc81953 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Widjaja (2010), the desire to help appears to be an essential aspect of the human nature and one type of helping behaviour is volunteerism. Numerous organisations like Habitat for Humanity, Big Brother Big Sister, have come to rely heavily on volunteer service. According to Wilson’s theory (cited in Van Emmerik, 2005), helping behaviour can be defined as activities entailing more commitment that spontaneous assistance in which time is given freely to benefit another person, group, organisationRead MoreRole Of Teacher : The Montessori Classroom Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough work. She must free herself from all preconceived ideas concerning the levels at which the children may be. The many different types of children...must not worry her...The teacher must believe that this child before her will show his true nature when he finds a piece of work that attracts him. So what must she look out for? That one child or another will begin to concentrate.† One key difference between a Montessori teacher and a traditional teacher is the enormous trust Montessori teacherRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Abortion Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesearliest developmental stage of the human embryo. The zygote comprises of human DNA and other human molecules, so its nature is undeniably human (Schwarzwalder, Cleaver Ruse (2012). Therefore, an abortion involves the expulsion of the human fetus before it is capable of surviving outside the womb. Essentially, abortion is generally categorized in two ways spontaneous and induced. A spontaneous abortion is one that takes place naturally, with no external intervention in the form of a miscarriage. WhilstRead MoreNature, Religion And The Most Important Is Being Distinguished From Animal1236 Words   |  5 Pagesuman nature, in general, is being distinguished from animal due to the facts that our consciousness, religion and the most important is having a meaning to stay alive (McMurtry. 2015). There ar e both good and bad propensities on human nature (Wilson, 2012). To understand human nature, it is not only to find one’s action and behaviour by looking at their emotions, thoughts and mental state, but with other wider ways like functions and structures (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). There are various approaches

Overpopulation Of Indi India Is The Third Most Populated...

Overpopulation in India Did you know that India is the second most populated country in the world? India’s population rate went up to 1.2 billion in past few years, which has a negative impact on the quality of life, lived in India. The resources cannot sufficiently support the growing population. For example: as population grows, we put much more demands on our resources to grow food and provide energy, but currently energy production requires fossil fuels which contributes to pollution and global warming. This in turn makes it harder to grow enough food to feed the growing population, which leads general public of India to reduce their quality of life. In 2000 the Prime Minister of India is also giving a statement relates to overpopulation, â€Å"If the present rate of growth of our population remains unchecked†, Said India’s Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee, â€Å"India will become the world’s most populous country by the mid-dle of this century and essential requirement l ike drinking water, shelter, and health will difficult to meet†. Another problem, due the overpopulation, many people in India go to sleep on the roads with an empty stomach. It happened because these people can’t afford the food and land prices, which caused by the overpopulation. For example, take a glance at Paul R. Ehrlich reading, â€Å"The population Bomb† where he argued that a growing number of population placed escalating strains on all aspects of the natural world. â€Å"If population growth

Poem appreciation †A Poem should not mean but be Free Essays

In the poem ‘A Poem should not mean but be’ the poet causes the reader to question themselves over how they read a poem, how they see it. ‘A Poem should not mean but be’ the Poet here from the title is saying a poem should not be looked upon by people as just words on paper, seeing them as empty and meaningless, but experience the feeling and emotion that has been expressed in poems. A poem is a verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas, or emotions in a vivid and imaginative way, characterized by the use of language chosen for its sound and suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor, and rhyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem appreciation – A Poem should not mean but be or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is what the Poet is trying to get across to the reader of this poem ‘Does it work when the word happiness is pronounced?’ here right from the start of the poem the Poet asks the question ‘Does it work when the word happiness is pronounced?’ he is putting this question to the audience forcing them to think does it make it happen?, does it bring it to life?, happiness?. In this quote from the poem the Poet is asking the reader are they really feeling the feeling and emotion which is being expressed in poems when they read them rather than just seeing the words. ‘Never is the happiness because orgasm and orgasm are worlds apart’, in this quote from the Poet it shows him expressing his view when he says ‘Never is the happiness’ meaning not ever, on no occasion, at no time is it felt in the poem. The Poet uses the word orgasm to represent the strong feeling of emotional excitement which he obviously feels has been put in poems should be conveyed to the reader. The Poet does not feel that these feelings of emotional excitement expressed in Poems are being picked up by the reader, this is shown when he says ‘orgasm and orgasm are worlds apart’ this shows just how often the Poet feels the readers of poems are on the same wavelength, way of thinking as the one who wrote the poem. ‘At times I see it – words that are pulled from the depths of unknowing’, here the Poet is telling the reader on occasion he sees the words from Poems rely being fully felt for what he believes they should be, the true feeling and emotion ‘from the depths of the unknowing’ I quote from the Poet.  Read also Critical appreciation of the poem â€Å"Old Ladies’ Home†. ‘The secret of life in a sudden line of poetry through the washed rooms of the simple senses’, here the poet is once again speaking about how he feels the readers are seeing the poems. ‘The secret of life in a sudden line of poetry’, here when the Poet says ‘the secret of life’ he is telling us just how much feeling he thinks is put into poems. ‘The secret of life’ refers to the feelings and emotions inside of the Poet who has written the poem . ‘In a sudden line of poetry’, in this quote the Poet uses the word ‘sudden’ to relate to the unforeseen feeling and emotion that has been put into any poem it is unforeseen by the reader because it is coming out of the Poet. ‘Through the washed rooms of the simple senses’ here the Poet once again tells us how he feels readers are not feeling the fullness of poems. This quote from the Poet tells us he feels that the feeling and emotions in poems are passing through the mind, as ‘washed rooms’ he refers to it in the poem. The Poet believes the reader is unaware of how to feel the of the depths of the poem by not seeing past the words on paper, using their ‘simple senses’ I quote from the Poet. A Poem should not mean but be is an exceptionally well written composition which really conveys the feelings of the Poet onto the reader through by the literature used in the text. This Poem really shows the reader how much feeling and emotion is put into a poem and acknowledge the hidden depths of a poem. I found it a compelling ballad which causes much cerebration. How to cite Poem appreciation – A Poem should not mean but be, Papers

The Surprising Reason College Tuition Is Crazy Expensive free essay sample

[vc_row][vc_column width=1/4 offset=vc_hidden-sm vc_hidden-xs][vc_widget_sidebar sidebar_id=default el_class=sidebar-area-left sidebar-area][/vc_column][vc_column width=3/4 el_class=vc_sidebar_position_left offset=vc_col-lg-9 vc_col-md-9 vc_col-sm-12][stm_post_info css=.vc_custom_1437111025212{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}][vc_column_text]Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elites. Nulla convallis egestas rhoncusa. Donec lorem facilisis fermentum sem, ac viverra ante luctus vel. Donec vel mauris quam Proin vestibulum leo eget erat congue interdum. Suspendisse nunc ligula, suscipit vehicula consequat eu.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] The upcoming budget for the Chicago Public Schools will rely on $500 million [/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Cras condimentum a elit eget sagittis. Ut dignissim sapien feugiat purus tristique, vitae aliquet arcu tempor. Nulla facilisi. Integer maximus mi non nulla posuere consectetur. Phasellus erat lectus, ullamcorper nec erat vel, hendrerit hendrerit urna. Curabitur ut tempor lacus. We will write a custom essay sample on The Surprising Reason College Tuition Is Crazy Expensive or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vivamus mollis, elit vitae maximus imperdiet, nisi nulla fermentum nisi, sed luctus metus dolor ac eros. Nulla cursus venenatis enim, vitae tincidunt justo vulputate a. Sed elementum elit ultrices tellus elementum, et molestie nulla pharetra.[/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][vc_column_text] Donec porta ultricies urna, faucibus magna dapibus. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo. Folutpat tempor tur duis mattis dapibus, felis amet. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/2][vc_column_text] Donec porta ultricies urna, faucibus magna dapibus. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo. Folutpat tempor tur duis mattis dapibus, felis amet. [/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]Donec porta ultricies urna, nec faucibus magna dapibus vel. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Etiam varius tortor ut ligula facilisis varius in a leo.[/vc_column_text][stm_multy_separator][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=2/3][stm_post_tags][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=1/3][stm_share code=JTNDc3BhbiUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTI3c3RfZmFjZWJvb2tfbGFyZ2UlMjclMjBkaXNwbGF5VGV4dCUzRCUyNyUyNyUzRSUzQyUyRnNwYW4lM0UlMEElM0NzcGFuJTIwY2xhc3MlM0QlMjdzdF90d2l0dGVyX2xhcmdlJTI3JTIwZGlzcGxheVRleHQlM0QlMjclMjclM0UlM0MlMkZzcGFuJTNF][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][stm_post_author][stm_multy_separator][stm_post_comments][/vc_column][/vc_row]